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Macular Hole
Angioid Streaks
Gyrate Atrophy
Age related macular degeneration
Best's disease
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Stargardt's disease
Myopic degeneration
Cone dystrophy
Retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy
Retinitis pigmentosa and hemorrhagic
retinopathy
Acute Zonal Outer Retinopathy, Annular
Overt Type
Acute Idiopathic Exudative polymorphous
Vitelliform Retinopathy
Idiopathic Choroidal Neovascularization
North Carolina Macular Dystrophy
Asteroid Hyalosis
Idiopathic Central Serous
Chorioretinopathy
Bull's -Eye Macular Lesion
Autosomal Dominant Pattern Dystrophy of
the RPE
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Macular Hole.
Decreased vision , typically around the 6/60 for a
full thickness hole ,More commonly, middle aged women
are affected.
Critical Signs
A round , red spot in the center of the macula
usually from one third to two thirds of a disc diameter
in size , surrounding by a gray halo ( marginal retinal
detachment) .
Notice the loss of the normal foveolar depression
and a yellow spot in the center of the hole.
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Best's disease.
( Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy)
Decreased vision or asymptomatic. Onset at birth, but
may not be detected until years later.
Critical signs
Yellow round , sub retinal lesions likened to an egg
yolk or in some cases to a psudohypopyon ( see the
pictures ) . Typically bilateral and located in the
fovea , measuring approximately one to two disc in
size. Normal eletroretinogram (ERG) abnormal,
elecrtrooculogram ( EOG)
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| Retinitis
Pigmentosa.
Symptoms
Difficulty with night vision and loss of peripheral
vision are most common .Poor central vision .
Critical Sign
Classically , clumps of pigment arising from the
photoreceptor layer dispersed throughout the
peripheral retina in a perivascular pattern , often
assuming a " bone spicule " arrangement .
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Cone dystrophy.
Symptoms
Slowly progressive bilateral
visual loss, photophobia, and
poor color vision .
Vision is worse during the
day than at night.
Critical Signs
Bull's eye macular appearance
or central geographic atrophy of
the retinal pigment epithelium
( RPE) and choriocapillaries.
Abnormal cone function on the
eletroretinogram (ERG) .
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Retinal pigment epithelium
hypertrophy.
-Grouped -type
congenital pigmented nevi of the
retinal pigment epithelium,(bear
tracks)
Pigment spots that are often
arranged in groups to resemble
the footprints of animals, They
are usually grouped in one
sector of the fundus
-Retinal Nevus Halo,
RPE hypertrophy with
surrounding white halo.
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Retinitis pigmentosa and
hemorrhagic retinopathy.
This myopic patient male ,
45 years old, complaining of
deteriorated vision , Note the
retinitis pigmentosa ,
hemorrhagic and exudative
maculopathy, and atrophy of the
iris - rt eye .
Algorafi eye clinic
reported two cases with similar
picture.
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Acute Zonal Outer Retinopathy,
Annular Overt Type.
In this left eye fluorescein
angiography showed evidence of
acute RPE damage but no evidence
of involvement of
choriocapillaries,
The patient expressed
scotomas in the visual field .
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Acute Idiopathic Exudative
polymorphous Vitelliform
Retinopathy.
Multiple pale,round,oval,
yellow-white lesions at the
level of the retinal pigment
epithelium
The lesions are due to
depigmentation rather than
destruction of the retinal
pigment epithelium.
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Idiopathic Choroidal
Neovascularization.
The age of this patient was
25 , female
Once you see choroidal
Neovascularization like this
lesion you would say it is the
exudative form of the age
related macular degeneration
The age of this patient made
the diagnosis of the idiopathic
choroidal Neovascularization (
macular type) .
The patient's V/A was less
than 6/60 .
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North Carolina Macular
Dystrophy.
a-rt b-lt fundus
photography in female
patient loosing her central
vision ,
Note the irregular white
subretinal scar in addition to
several drusen in the rt eye,
and Note the disciform atrophy
of the retinal pigment
epithelium in the lt eye , Over
hanging small staphylomatous
lesions.
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Asteroid Hyalosis.
It is a degenerative disease
of the vitreous of unknown cause
.It is characterized by the
development of white or yellow
white spherical bodies composed
of calcium soap within the
collagen framework of the
vitreous.
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Bull's-Eye Macular Lesion.
The bull's maculopathy can be
associate with the following :
-Age-related macular
degeneration( ARMD).
-Stargardt's disease.
-Cone Dystrophy.
-Cholorquine retinopathy .
-Spielmeyer-Vogt syndrome.
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Autosomal Dominant Pattern
Dystrophy of the RPE.
Characterized by the
development ,usually in midlife
, of mild disturbances of
central vision associated with a
variety of patterns of deposits
of yellow,orange,or gray pigment
in the macular area.
Based on the pattern of
pigment distribution , pattern
dystrophies have subdivided into
at least four principles groups
.A few patients will show any
combination of all four of the
patterns of fundus change
described as following
1- adult -onset foveomacular
Vitelliform dystrophy.
2- butterfly-shaped pigment
dystrophy.
3-reticular dystrophy of the
RPE.
4-multifocal pattern
dystrophy simulating fundus
flavimaculatus.
5-coarse pigment mottling in
the macula ( Fundus
Pulverulentus). the fundus
pictures mostly represent this
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